What is a BLEVE?

A BLEVE, or Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion, occurs when a vessel containing a pressurized liquid, typically flammable, experiences a failure and results in the rapid expansion of vapor as the liquid boils and vaporizes. This phenomenon usually happens when the integrity of the vessel is compromised—often due to heat exposure or damage—leading to a violent explosion as the superheated liquid instantaneously vaporizes.

The danger of a BLEVE lies in its potential to produce a large fireball and forceful projectile, as the container may rupture and send shrapnel flying. Understanding BLEVE is crucial for firefighters as it directly impacts how they approach fire incidents involving pressurized vessels, guiding their decisions about safe distances and attack strategies to mitigate the risk of explosions and protect both lives and property.